Explore Bayreuth's vast musical history

Bayreuth is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, bordered by the Red Main River in a valley between the Frankish Alb and the Fichtelgebirge. The city’s history dates back to 1194 and now serves as the capital of Upper Franconia with a population of 72,576.

In 1872 composer Richard Wagner moved to Bayreuth, where he resided until his death in 1883. Wagner’s villa, “Wahnfried,” was sponsored by King Ludwig II of Bavaria and converted into the Wagner Museum following World War II. The Bayreuth Festspielhaus, an opera house specially constructed for and exclusively devoted to the performance of Wagner’s operas, lies to the north of Bayreuth. The opera house presented the debuts of Wagner’s Ring Cycle and Parsifal.

Every summer, Wagner’s operas are performed at the Festspielhaus during the month-long Richard Wagner Festival, commonly known as the Bayreuth Festival. The festival attracts thousands of attendees each year and has consistently sold out since its 1876 debut. Currently, waiting lists for tickets span more than ten years. 

Photo courtesy of the Festspielhaus website.

Incantato concert venue: Salzburg Cathedral

Located in Sazlburg, Austria, where the Residenzplatz flows into the Domplatz, the Salzburg Cathedral (Domkirche Saint Rupert) is renowned for its harmonious Baroque architecture and 4,000-pipe organ. It also contains the medieval font in which Mozart was baptized.

The original Romanesque cathedral burnt down in 1598. Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich commissioned for a grand new cathedral to be built in its place, reaffirming Salzburg’s commitment to Catholicism during the Reformation. However, Dietrich’s overthrow prevented the completion of the project, and the present cathedral was completed by Archbishop Markus Sittikus Count Hohenems and consecrated by Archbishop Paris Count Lodron in 1628.  

The cathedral’s plaza, a complete aesthetic conceptualization, is considered one of Salzburg’s most beautiful landmarks. The Virgin’s Column, a 1771 statue of the Virgin Mary rises in the center. Recognized by many as the most perfect Renaissance building in the German-speaking countries, Salzburg Cathedral is adorned with a marble façade, twin west towers topped with large green-roofed domes, and bronze doors illustrating the themes of faith, hope, and love.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was baptized in the cathedral, served as the organist there from 1779 to 1781. Some of his compositions, including the Coronation Mass, were written for the cathedral, and many of his works premiered there. 








Photos courtesy of the Salzburg Tourism Board.

Incantato Impressions: Goettweig

Visit the beautiful Danube River Valley

Dürnstein is a small town on the Danube river in the Krems-Land district, in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the Wachau region and also a well-known wine growing area. The municipality consists of the Katastralgemeinden Dürnstein, Oberloiben and Unterloiben. The town gained its name from the medieval castle which overlooked it. The castle was called "Duerrstein" or "Dürrstein", from the German duerr/dürr meaning "dry" and Stein, "stone". The castle was dry because it was situated on a rocky hill, high above the damp conditions of the Danube at the base of the hill, and it was built of stone. Dürnstein was first mentioned in 1192, when, in the castle above the town, King Richard I Lionheart of England was held captive by Duke Leopold V of Austria after their dispute during the Third Crusade. Richard had personally offended Leopold by casting down his standard from the walls at the Battle of Acre, and the duke suspected that King Richard ordered the murder of his cousin Conrad of Montferrat in Jerusalem. In consequence Pope Celestine III excommunicated Leopold for capturing a fellow crusader. The duke finally gave the custody of Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who imprisoned Richard at Trifels Castle. Dürnstein Castle was almost completely destroyed by the troops of the Swedish Empire under Field Marshal Lennart Torstenson in 1645. Dürnstein Abbey (Stift Dürnstein) was established in 1410 by Canons Regular from Třeboň and from 1710 rebuilt in a Baroque style according to plans by Joseph Munggenast, Jakob Prandtauer and Matthias Steinl. The monastery was dissolved by order of Emperor Joseph II in 1788 and fell to the Herzogenburg Priory. During the War of the Third Coalition the Battle of Dürenstein was fought nearby on November 11, 1805.

Concert Venues: Stiftskirche, Benedictine Abbey of Göttweig, Austria

The abbey, situated on the Göttweig Mountain, is - because of its location - sometimes called the Austrian Montecassino. The Monastery, founded in 1083 by Saint Altmann, sits on a hill 449 m above sea level in the Dunkelsteiner Forest south of the city of Krems, on the eastern edge of the world-famous Danube Valley called the Wachau. With the Wachau, Göttweig was in 2001 placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

At first, Augustines worked here, to be followed in 1094 by Benedictine monks from the Monastery of St. Blasien in the Black Forest. The Benedictines have been living, learning and teaching on Göttweig Mountain for more than 900 years. The goal of their life is to glorify God in prayer and work according to the Rule of their Order’s founder, Saint Benedict, the Patron Saint of Europe. Currently 54 monks belong to the monastic community. More than 30 of them give pastoral care to parishioners and pilgrims in the Dioceses of Vienna and St. Pölten. Forestry and viticulture have been the economic basis of the Monastery since it was founded - today completed by various touristic and economic efforts.

"The Stiftskirche is a perfect Baroque chapel, with lovely acoustics, detailed fresco, and choir loft. The tall stairs make for a great riser, and the locale in the hills of Austria is MAGNIFICENT!"
-Dr. Jonathan Talberg,
Director of Choral, Vocal and Opera Studies
Bob Cole Conservatory of Music, CSULB

Exploring Vienna

Vienna is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC. Vienna lies in the east of Austria and is close to the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Founded around 500 BC, Vienna was originally a Celtic settlement. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2005 an Economist Intelligence Unit study of 127 world cities ranked it first equal with Vancouver for the quality of life. This assessment was mirrored by the Mercer Survey in 2009.
Art and culture have a long tradition in Vienna, including theater, opera, classical music and fine arts. The Burgtheater is considered one of the best theaters in the German-speaking world alongside its branch, the Akademietheater. The Volkstheater Wien and the Theater in der Josefstadt also enjoy good reputations. There is also a multitude of smaller theaters, in many cases devoted to less mainstream forms of performing arts, such as modern, experimental plays or cabaret.
Vienna is also home to a number of opera houses, including the Theater an der Wien, the Staatsoper and the Volksoper, the latter being devoted to the typical Viennese operetta. Classical concerts are performed at well known venues such as the Wiener Musikverein, home of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Wiener Konzerthaus. Many concert venues offer concerts aimed at tourists, featuring popular highlights of Viennese music (particularly the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Strauss).
In recent years, the Theater an der Wien has become widely known for hosting premieres of musicals, although it has recently devoted itself to the opera again. The most successful musical by far was "Elisabeth", which was later translated into several other languages and performed all over the world. The Haus der Musik ("house of music") opened in 2000.

Incantato Impressions: Stephansdom, Vienna

Vienna Sightseeing Tip: The Mumok

The Mumok (Museum Moderner Kunst/Museum of Modern Art) is the biggest museum of contemporary art in Central Europe, and Vienna’s greatest. The Mumok is always worth a visit, if only for its architecture. And inside it’s just as impressive, since the curators can draw from an extensive collection and present interesting focal points. There are five levels with works by Pablo Picasso, Nam June Paik, Andy Warhol and Günter Brus, ranging from Pop Art to Photorealism and from Fluxus to New Realism. 230 pieces were given to the museum by the German industrialist and art lover Peter Ludwig and his wife Irene in 1981. The Mumok regularly organizes special exhibitions and is known for its large collection of art related to Viennese Actionism. The Mumok is located in the Museumsquartier in Vienna, Museumsplatz 1, 1070 Wien. It is open daily from 10 am to 6 pm, Thursdays till 9 pm. This sightseeing tip originates from the website www.redguide.at.

Concert Venues: Matyas Templom, Budapest

Matyas Templom in Budapest, Hungary, was originally built in 1015 in Romanesque style. Located in the heart of Buda’s Castle District, it is the second largest church of medieval Buda, and the seventh largest of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom.

Officially named the Church of Our Lady, it is popularly known as the church of the king Matyas who ordered the transformation of the church’s original southern tower. The 700 year history of the church serves as a symbol of the city’s rich and often tragic history. The site hosted several royal coronations, including that of Charles IV in 1916, as well as both of King Matyas’ weddings.

Many of the church’s ecclesiastical treasures were shipped to Pressburg in present day Bratislava during the Turkish occupation. Following Buda’s capture in 1541, the church became Budapest’s main mosque. Ornate frescoes previously adorning the interior walls were whitewashed and the furnishings stripped.

In 1686 during the Holy League’s siege of Buda, a wall of the church collapsed from cannon fire. An old votive Madonna statue was hidden behind the wall, and as it appeared before the praying Muslims, the morale of the garrison collapsed and the city fell that very day.

The great architectural boom of the 19^th century resulted in the church’s restoration to its original Baroque splendor. Today, the restored cathedral provides visitors with one of the most prominent and characteristic features of Budapest’s cityscape. Visitors enjoy the Ecclesiastical Art Museum and the St. Stephen Chapel located within the vast building. The gallery contains many sacred relics along with replicas of the Hungarian royal crown and coronation jewels.

“The Matyas Templom is one of the most architecturally significant churches in all of Europe. With its Christian and Islamic motifs as well as its gorgeous tile work and acoustic, Hungary's most significant church is a pleasure to behold and to sing in.”

-Dr. Jonathan Talberg

Director of Choral, Vocal and Opera Studies

Photo courtesy of Wikipedia.

Welcome to Budapest!

Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe. In 2009, Budapest had 1,712,210 inhabitants, down from a mid-1980s peak of 2.1 million. The Budapest Commuter Area (or Greater Budapest) is home to 3,271,110 people. The city covers an area of 525 square kilometres (202.7 sq mi) within the city limits.
Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of right (west)-bank Buda and Óbuda with left (east)-bank Pest.
Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement, was the direct ancestor of Budapest, becoming the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Magyars arrived in the territory in the 9th century. Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42. The re-established town became one of the centers of Renaissance humanist culture in the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, development of the region entered a new age of prosperity in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Budapest became a global city after the 1873 unification. It also became the second capital of Austria-Hungary, a great power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919, Operation Panzerfaust in 1944, the Battle of Budapest of 1945, and the Revolution of 1956.
Regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, its extensive World Heritage Site includes the banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, Andrássy Avenue, Heroes' Square and the Millennium Underground Railway, the second oldest in the world. Other highlights include a total of 80 geothermal springs, the world's largest thermal water cave system, second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building. The collections of the Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts are also significant. The city attracts over 20 million visitors a year.